India on Monday contacted Pakistan twice in a single day to issue flood alerts, raising fresh questions about the strained water-sharing arrangements under the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan.

According to diplomatic sources, the Indian High Commission in Islamabad reached out to Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs to share details of potential flooding in the Sutlej River. Earlier the same day, New Delhi had issued a similar warning regarding flood risks in the Tawi River at Jammu.

Officials said that India has shared such data with Pakistan during flood situations in the past. Following the alerts, Pakistani authorities promptly issued their own warnings to local agencies to prepare for possible emergencies.

However, Islamabad voiced concerns over the method of communication. The Foreign Office said India conveyed the alerts through diplomatic channels instead of the bilateral commission established under the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan. It stressed that India is bound to fully comply with all provisions of the agreement.

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The FO further criticized New Delhi’s unilateral decision earlier this year to hold the treaty “in abeyance” after accusing Islamabad of supporting cross-border militancy. Pakistan dismissed these allegations and warned that any attempt to divert or block its allocated water would be considered an “act of war.”

The Indus Waters Treaty, signed in 1960 with the World Bank’s mediation, is widely regarded as one of the most resilient water-sharing agreements in the world. It divided the use of six major rivers: granting India control over the eastern rivers — Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi — while Pakistan was given rights over the western rivers — Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab.

Despite surviving wars and decades of hostility, the treaty now faces one of its biggest challenges as India explores projects that could reduce water flow into Pakistan. Islamabad insists that any violation of the pact not only breaches international law but also threatens regional peace and stability.